因为需要下线维护当前的 PVE 实例，所以新建了一台 PVE 实例，需要把之前的虚拟机迁移到新的 PVE 实例上，但是通过组建集群复制的方式会从当前的 PVE 中删除该实例，并且新的实例是临时性的，组建集群会带来额外的维护成本，因此通过命令行迁移
备份虚拟机
将虚拟机备份到 ~/workspace 目录下
mkdir ~/workspace
以快照方式备份虚拟机
vzdump 122 --dumpdir ~/workspace --mode snapshot
INFO: starting new backup job: vzdump 122 --dumpdir /root/workspace/ --mode snapshot
INFO: Starting Backup of VM 122 (qemu)
INFO: Backup started at 2025-04-18 09:27:15
INFO: status = running
INFO: VM Name: op
INFO: include disk 'sata0' 'local-lvm:vm-122-disk-0' 20604M
INFO: backup mode: snapshot
INFO: ionice priority: 7
INFO: creating vzdump archive '/root/workspace/vzdump-qemu-122-2025_04_18-09_27_17.vma 125'
INFO: started backup task '843879b9-5054-4a96-98b2-a87994c97539'
INFO: resuming VM again
INFO: 100% (20.1 GiB of 20.1 GiB) in 2s, read: 10.1 GiB/s, write: 169.4 MiB/s
INFO: backup is sparse: 19.79 GiB (98%) total zero data
INFO: transferred 20.12 GiB in 2 seconds (10.1 GiB/s)
INFO: archive file size: 341MB
INFO: Finished Backup of VM 122 (00:00:02)
INFO: Backup finished at 2025-04-18 09:27:57
INFO: Backup job finished successfully
待备份完成后，会生成一个 .vma 后缀的备份文件
将虚拟机备份传输到目标服务器
注意不要修改文件名，因为恢复时需要使用文件名信息检查备份时间，否则可能会提示错误: error before or during data restore, some or all disks were not completely restored. VM 124 state is NOT cleaned up.ERROR: couldn't determine archive info from xxx
rsync -avhW --info=progress2 /root/workspace/vzdump-qemu-122-2025_04_18-09_27_17.vma 192.168.2.3:/root/workspace/
还原虚拟机
还原是指定新的虚拟机 ID，避免和现有的冲突
qmrestore ~/workspace/vzdump-qemu-122-2025_04_18-09_27_17.vma 125
restore vma archive: vma extract -v -r /var/tmp/vzdumptmp1083179.fifo /root/workspace/vzdump-qemu-122-2025_04_18-09_27_17.vma /var/tmp/vzdumptmp1083179
CFG: size: 468 name: qemu-server.conf
DEV: dev_id=1 size: 21604859904 devname: drive-sata0
CTIME: Fri Apr 18 09:27:17 2025
WARNING: You have not turned on protection against thin pools running out of space.
WARNING: Set activation/thin_pool_autoextend_threshold below 100 to trigger automatic extension of thin pools before they get full.
Logical volume "vm-125-disk-0" created.
WARNING: Sum of all thin volume sizes (520.36 GiB) exceeds the size of thin pool pve/data and the size of whole volume group (<475.94 GiB).
new volume ID is 'local-lvm:vm-125-disk-0'
map 'drive-sata0' to '/dev/pve/vm-125-disk-0' (write zeros = 0)
progress 1% (read 216072192 bytes, duration 0 sec)
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total bytes read 21604859904, sparse bytes 21249482752 (98.4%)
space reduction due to 4K zero blocks 0.818%
rescan volumes...
还原结束后修改 IP、MAC 等信息，即可启动虚拟机，完成迁移